Class 2 Maths Formulas – All Important Formulas, Rules and Examples
🌈 Welcome to Maths Wallah!
Mathematics is fun when we learn with colourful examples. In Class 2, students learn numbers, place value, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, shapes, measurement, time, money and patterns.
This article is a simple revision guide with important formulas, easy examples and practice questions for young learners.
🔢 1. Numbers and Number Names
Numbers help us count objects and understand quantities.
- Number before 100 = 99
- Number after 100 = 101
- Smallest two-digit number = 10
- Smallest three-digit number = 100
Number Names
| Number | Number Name |
|---|---|
| 21 | Twenty-one |
| 30 | Thirty |
| 40 | Forty |
| 50 | Fifty |
| 60 | Sixty |
| 70 | Seventy |
| 80 | Eighty |
| 90 | Ninety |
| 100 | One hundred |
| 125 | One hundred twenty-five |
| 200 | Two hundred |
| 500 | Five hundred |
| 999 | Nine hundred ninety-nine |
🏠 2. Place Value and Face Value
Face value: The digit itself is its face value.
Place value: The value of a digit depends on its position in a number.
- Hundreds place: 1 hundred = 100
- Tens place: 1 ten = 10
- Ones place: 1 one = 1
- 3 hundreds = 300
- 5 tens = 50
- 2 ones = 2
⚖️ 3. Comparing Numbers
We use these symbols to compare numbers.
85 > 58
34 < 43
72 = 72
📊 4. Ascending and Descending Order
Ascending Order ⬆️
Arrange numbers from smallest to largest.
125, 240, 315, 450Descending Order ⬇️
Arrange numbers from largest to smallest.
450, 315, 240, 125➕ 5. Addition Formulas
Addition means combining two or more quantities.
a + b = c
25 + 14 = 39
36 + 22 = 58
125 + 243 = 368
250 + 150 = 400
Important Addition Rules
- Adding zero does not change a number: 25 + 0 = 25.
- Changing the order does not change the sum: 12 + 8 = 8 + 12 = 20.
- Adding one gives the next number: 49 + 1 = 50.
28 + 17 ---- 458 + 7 = 15. Write 5 in the ones place and carry 1 ten.
2 + 1 + 1 = 4 tens.
Answer = 45
➖ 6. Subtraction Formulas
Subtraction means taking away one quantity from another.
45 − 12 = 33
78 − 25 = 53
100 − 40 = 60
250 − 125 = 125
Important Subtraction Rules
- 35 − 0 = 35
- 25 − 25 = 0
- 50 − 1 = 49
42 - 18 ---- 24Borrow 1 ten from 4 tens. Then 12 − 8 = 4 and 3 − 1 = 2.
Answer = 24
🔄 7. Addition and Subtraction Relationship
Addition and subtraction can be used to check each other.
- 40 − 15 = 25
- 40 − 25 = 15
✖️ 8. Multiplication Formulas
Multiplication is a quick way to add equal groups.
2 × 3 = 6
4 × 5 = 20
3 × 6 = 18
5 × 7 = 35
10 × 4 = 40
Multiplication as Repeated Addition
- 2 × 3 = 3 + 3 = 6
- 3 × 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12
- 4 × 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8
Important Multiplication Rules
- Any number multiplied by 1 remains the same: 8 × 1 = 8.
- Any number multiplied by 0 equals 0: 8 × 0 = 0.
- Changing the order does not change the product: 3 × 4 = 4 × 3 = 12.
🎵 9. Multiplication Tables
Practise these multiplication tables to improve your calculation speed.
| Table | Results from ×1 to ×10 |
|---|---|
| 2 | 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 |
| 3 | 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 |
| 4 | 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 |
| 5 | 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 |
| 10 | 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 |
🍬 10. Basic Division Formulas
Division means sharing a quantity equally into groups.
10 ÷ 2 = 5
12 ÷ 3 = 4
20 ÷ 5 = 4
18 ÷ 2 = 9
Example: If 12 chocolates are shared equally among 4 children, each child receives 12 ÷ 4 = 3 chocolates.Multiplication and Division
If 4 × 3 = 12, then:
- 12 ÷ 3 = 4
- 12 ÷ 4 = 3
🎯 11. Odd and Even Numbers
Even Numbers 🟢
Numbers whose objects can be arranged in pairs without leaving one object unpaired.
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20Odd Numbers 🟣
Numbers whose objects leave one object unpaired when grouped in twos.
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19🔢 12. Skip Counting and Number Patterns
Skip counting means counting forward by the same amount each time.
Count by 2: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
Count by 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30
Count by 10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
The pattern increases by 10. The answer is 50.
🍕 13. Fractions: Half and Quarter
A fraction represents an equal part of a whole.
Half (½)
One-half means one of two equal parts.
Quarter (¼)
One-quarter means one of four equal parts.
🔺 14. Basic Shapes and Their Properties
| Shape | Important Property |
|---|---|
| Circle | Round shape |
| Triangle | 3 sides |
| Square | 4 equal sides |
| Rectangle | 4 sides; opposite sides equal |
| Cube | 6 square faces |
| Cuboid | 6 rectangular faces |
| Sphere | Ball-shaped |
| Cylinder | Two circular ends and one curved surface |
| Cone | One circular base and a pointed top |
📏 15. Basic Measurement
Length
Use centimetres to measure a pencil and metres to measure a classroom.
Weight
A small eraser may be measured in grams, while a bag of rice may be measured in kilograms.
Capacity
Learn to compare longer and shorter, heavier and lighter, and more and less.
🕒 16. Time and Calendar
| Time Unit | Relationship |
|---|---|
| Minute | 1 minute = 60 seconds |
| Hour | 1 hour = 60 minutes |
| Day | 1 day = 24 hours |
| Week | 1 week = 7 days |
| Year | 1 year = 12 months |
Days of the Week
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
Months of the Year
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December.
💰 17. Money Formulas
Money is used to buy and sell things. In India, we use rupees (₹) and paise.
₹10 + ₹5 = ₹15
₹20 + ₹10 = ₹30
Subtraction:₹50 − ₹20 = ₹30
₹100 − ₹40 = ₹60
Change = ₹50 − ₹35 = ₹15.
📐 18. Basic Perimeter Concept
Perimeter means the total distance around the boundary of a closed shape. This is an introductory concept and may be taught in a later class depending on the syllabus.
= 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 cm
⭐ 19. All Important Class 2 Maths Formulas
| Topic | Formula or Rule |
|---|---|
| Place Value | Digit × Value of Its Place |
| Expanded Form | Hundreds + Tens + Ones |
| Addition | Addend + Addend = Sum |
| Subtraction | Minuend − Subtrahend = Difference |
| Checking Subtraction | Difference + Subtrahend = Minuend |
| Multiplication | Equal Groups × Objects per Group |
| Division | Total Objects ÷ Number of Groups |
| Half | Quantity ÷ 2 |
| Quarter | Quantity ÷ 4 |
| Length | 1 m = 100 cm |
| Weight | 1 kg = 1000 g |
| Capacity | 1 L = 1000 mL |
| Time | 1 hour = 60 minutes |
| Calendar | 1 week = 7 days |
| Year | 12 months |
| Money | ₹1 = 100 paise |
| Change | Money Paid − Cost |
| Perimeter | Sum of All Side Lengths |
📝 20. Class 2 Maths Practice Questions
Try these questions yourself before checking the answers!
- What number comes after 199?
- Write 246 in expanded form.
- What is the place value of 5 in 352?
- Solve: 125 + 34 = ?
- Solve: 84 − 27 = ?
- Calculate: 4 × 5 = ?
- Calculate: 20 ÷ 4 = ?
- Find half of 18.
- Find one-quarter of 20.
- How many centimetres are there in 1 metre?
- How many grams are there in 1 kilogram?
- How many minutes are there in 2 hours?
- How many paise make ₹1?
- What comes next: 15, 20, 25, 30, __?
- A toy costs ₹35. If you pay ₹50, how much change will you receive?
✅ Answers to Practice Questions
- 200
- 200 + 40 + 6
- 50
- 159
- 57
- 20
- 5
- 9
- 5
- 100 centimetres
- 1000 grams
- 120 minutes
- 100 paise
- 35
- ₹15
🎉 Conclusion
Class 2 Mathematics builds on the basic concepts learned in Class 1. Regular practice of numbers, place value, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, shapes, measurement, time, money and patterns helps children become more confident in mathematics.
This colourful revision guide is designed for Class 2 students, parents and teachers. Topics may vary according to the NCERT textbook edition and school syllabus.
🌟 Keep Learning with Maths Wallah! 🌟
Maths Wallah | By BK Pawar
